The Herbarium Assistance Committee is composed of three members and it serves to devise tactics and extend its efforts toward the reversal of administrative decisions that place herbaria in danger of having their services and functions discontinued. We support the ASPT position statement on the Importance of Herbaria. If you have any concerns concerning your herbarium, please contact us.
Current members
Christopher D. Tyrrell (Chair), Milwaukee Public Museum, tyrrell@mpm.edu, 2023–2026
Ashley Bordelon, abordelon@brit.org, 2023–2026
Christopher D. Tyrrell, tyrrell@mpm.edu, 2023–2026
February 16, 2024
Dr. Susan Alberts
Dean of Natural Sciences
Duke University
2080 Duke University Rd.
Durham, NC 27708
alberts@duke.edu
Dear Dr. Alberts,
The Society of Herbarium Curators (SHC) has learned of the decision by officials at Duke University to divest the Duke University Herbarium (DUKE). As a society that represents the
profession of herbarium care and practice, we are distressed to hear of Duke University’s decision. While we applaud the efforts that have been made to ensure the collection is protected and
continues to receive the care it deserves, SHC is concerned that the dispossession and potential dissolution of the DUKE herbarium will compromise access to critical specimens and biodiversity
data necessary to address emerging issues of biodiversity loss, natural resource management, and climate change mitigation. DUKE’s collection is part of a network of local, regional, national and
international biodiversity specimens that constitute the principal resource on biodiversity knowledge. The loss of this resource has broad implications to the global science community. We
ask you to consider this decision in light of your own mission statement, “contribute in diverse ways to the local community, the state, the nation and the world; and to attain and maintain a place
of real leadership in all that we do.”
Herbaria are critical research infrastructure not only for Duke University’s biodiversity graduate programs, including the PhD Program in Ecology, and undergraduate concentration in Plant
Biology, but also for disciplines as wide ranging as Agriculture, Anthropology, Ecological Restoration, Ethnobotany, Forestry, Paleontology, Pharmacy, Wildlife Management, and more.
Loss of an herbarium greatly hinders the ability of local researchers, both on and off campus, to utilize key botanical resources and threatens the preservation of botanical data for present and
future generations. The SHC asks Duke University to consider how damaging this divestment can be to the broader scientific community. As one of the nation’s largest life sciences research
universities1, eliminating core infrastructure for these disciplines will have far reaching implications on the global biodiversity science community. In 2020, the National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published a Consensus Study Report reminding us “that biological collections are part of the world’s scientific infrastructure. Sustaining the priceless
biological collections that are our heritage and our legacy is urgent if we are to continue to be able to address world-class scientific questions that depend on these kinds of collections, foster
innovation, and support educational needs, now and in the future.”2
Research and Education for the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). The DUKE herbarium is one of only 3,000 such collections worldwide and is the second-largest
private university herbarium in the U.S. DUKE, and the professionals who care for the collections, are extremely important resources for understanding the flora of the southeastern United States,
an area encompassing the coastal plains, one of 36 threatened global biodiversity hotspots. Historically, Duke University has been seen as one of the academic leaders in the field of plant
biodiversity and evolution. We encourage you to build on that legacy of excellence and leadership and support the valuable DUKE herbarium and its critical biodiversity resources.
Given the size of the DUKE herbarium (top 2% in the U.S.), divestment will be costly and time consuming. There is no model for dissolution of a collection of this size. It is unrealistic that any
single institution will have the capacity to absorb such an important and historic collection in its entirety. This means DUKE will likely have to be dissolved across several institutions over an
extended time period. Critical specimens will be unavailable and vital research will be stalled by this process. Long term, locating critical voucher specimens and cited materials will be more
difficult, undermining the science and the donors who deposited their work with the institution.
As our planet reaches the cusp of a cataclysmic biodiversity crisis, academic powerhouses like Duke University should be investing in world class research assets like the DUKE herbarium.
We ask Duke University to reconsider this decision, and instead renew support of the DUKE Herbarium. This is a time of opportunity for natural history collections and biodiversity science.
The investment from the National Science Foundation in natural history collections has been at an all-time high. Herbaria and Natural History Collections are uniquely poised to lead the data
revolution. Concepts like the Extended Specimen are leveraging gains in digital data, artificial intelligence, and the reintegration of science to build knowledge and networks of scientists who
can work globally to address critical science needs. Your students will have opportunities to engage in the full data pathway and gain critical data and information skills in the herbarium that
translate to 21st century jobs. Herbaria are critical research and education infrastructure. Maintaining the DUKE Herbarium aligns with the University’s mission and values and serves
the broader function of Duke University’s stated aim to “further the advancement of knowledge
in service to society.”
On behalf of the Society of Herbarium Curators,
Anna K. Monfils, PhD
President, Society of Herbarium Curators
1 https://today.duke.edu/2021/02/dukes-research-expenditures-exceed-12-billion-latest-federal-data
2 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Biological Collections: Ensuring Critical Research and Education for the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
American Society of Plant Taxonomists Position Statement on the Importance of Herbaria
The American Society of Plant Taxonomists affirms the crucial role of natural history collections, and of plant collections in particular, in research, teaching, and public outreach. Collections of plant specimens (herbaria) are the foundation for all studies of plant diversity and evolution. Specimens provide enormous economic and scientific returns to society and are irreplaceable resources that must be preserved for future generations.
Specimens provide the foundation of nomenclature, the basis for identification, the common reference for communication, and the vouchers for floras, as well as for evolutionary and genomic studies. Molecular and morphological characters that allow us to reconstruct the history of life can be obtained from herbarium specimens. All fields of biological science from the level of molecular biology to ecosystem science are dependent on collections, not just for application of names, but as the basis for referencing all aspects of biodiversity.
Beyond their scientific importance, herbarium collections offer many benefits to society by providing data or reference materials for critical endeavors such as agriculture, human health, biosecurity, forensics, control of invasive species, conservation biology, natural resources, and land management. Herbarium collections provide a wealth of information on our natural heritage and extend back hundreds of years; thus they provide the only reliable, verifiable record of the changes to our flora during the expansion of human population.
Because natural history collections play such an important role in societal endeavors, continued physical and financial support is absolutely critical. Collections are most valuable in their original institutional and geographical context. Because they are historical records linked to a time and place, lost collections cannot be replaced. Moreover, many populations documented in herbaria no longer exist and others are now protected. Furthermore, some specimens cannot be replaced due to the imposition of constraints on collecting. Therefore, ASPT strongly advises institutions to maintain their collections in perpetuity. Once an institution divests itself of a collection the institution can never regain the benefits associated with the collection.
It is imperative that minimum standards regarding environmental conditions and pest control be met so that specimens can be maintained indefinitely into the future. As a body of considerable expertise with regard to all aspects of herbarium curation, research, education, and outreach, the membership of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists hereby offers its expertise to help institutions develop management plans for maintaining collections and to integrate herbarium collections more effectively into research, education, and outreach activities.